What is a DNA screening test?
IT is a procedure of testing a population of individuals with no symptoms of a disorder or any kind of genetic disease and using that information to find people that either have a disease or are the carrier of that disease that has a high risk of passing out the disease to their offspring.
Although a positive result doesn’t always mean that the person has that disease since it is just a probability. There are several cases where the test result was positive but the person was unaffected and was a person with a negative test result was affected by the disorder.
For example-
- Non-invasive prenatal testing/screening: This test is done during pregnancy to determine the chances of the baby having a genetic disorder.
- Newborn screening test: This test is performed on all newborns in the US to check the risk of the child developing more than 35 genetic disorders.
What is DNA diagnostic test?
These tests are normally used in people who show symptoms of a disease. These tests are generally done to confirm the alleged genetic disorder. These tests can also be done to determine the chances of a person developing a gene-related disorder in the future and the risk of an individual passing on the disorder to their offspring. These kinds of tests can be done before childbirth or at any point in a person’s life but they have certain limitations. They cannot be used on all types of genes and can only be used to determine the management of the disorder.
For example-
- The gene test on the molecular level: This test works on the principle of DNA sequencing and can observe the changes in the DNA that can cause the disorder.
- Chromosomal tests: These tests analyze the chromosomes to determine any kind of chromosomal defects
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